I'll echo what Rulon said - windy in the winter, but the summers are much more mild than the humid midwest or the south. Warm temps, low wind, drier, pleasant air.
Commutes from one end of town to the other max out at 15 min and are more likely 5-10 minutes. All the general amenities you need, some decent food (plus a lot of chains) and decent culture. It's not nearly as refined as Fort Collins, Boulder, etc., but some people here prefer it that way. I think the general populace would like to find a happy medium and the city is working hard to redevelop and revitalize downtown into a more visited destination. There is a decent foundation set and a pretty cool vision for moving forward.
There are lots of great opportunities for kids in town with more on the way - the school district has some really good schools and some not so great ones from what I understand, you may look into their ratings when choosing what school district boundary you look for homes in.
There is a really good baseball program in town and I think the parks and rec does a decent job as well with its program offerings and there are numerous other club sports. I like Cheyenne because it's fairly large, but also fairly quiet and I'm in close proximity to a lot of cool stuff without having to fight Colorado traffic every day. All in all quality of life is great and there's some of the best sledding in the country that I am fortunate enough to ride most weekends in the winter!